Today in History- October 20th MACARTHUR RETURNS: October 20, 1944 After advancing island by island across the Pacific Ocean, U.S. General Douglas MacArthur wades ashore onto the Philippine island of Leyte, fulfilling his promise to return to the area he was forced to flee in 1942.The son of an American Civil War hero, MacArthur served as chief U.S. military adviser to the Philippines before World War II. The day after Pearl Harbor was bombed on December 7, 1941, Japan launched its invasion of the Philippines. After struggling against great odds to save his adopted home from Japanese conquest, MacArthur was forced to abandon the Philippine island fortress of Corregidor under orders from President Franklin Roosevelt in March 1942. Left behind at Corregidor and on the Bataan Peninsula were 90,000 American and Filipino troops, who, lacking food, supplies, and support, would soon succumb to the Japanese offensive.After leaving Corregidor, MacArthur and his family traveled by boat 560 miles to the Philippine island of Mindanao, braving mines, rough seas, and the Japanese navy. At the end of the hair-raising 35-hour journey, MacArthur told the boat commander, John D. Bulkeley, "You've taken me out of the jaws of death, and I won't forget it." On March 17, the general and his family boarded a B-17 Flying Fortress for northern Australia. He then took another aircraft and a long train ride down to Melbourne. During this journey, he was informed that there were far fewer Allied troops in Australia than he had hoped. Relief of his forces trapped in the Philippines would not be forthcoming. Deeply disappointed, he issued a statement to the press in which he promised his men and the people of the Philippines, "I shall return." The promise would become his mantra during the next two and a half years, and he would repeat it often in public appearances.For his valiant defense of the Philippines, MacArthur was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor and celebrated as "America's First Soldier." Put in command of Allied forces in the Southwestern Pacific, his first duty was conducting the defense of Australia. Meanwhile, in the Philippines, Bataan fell in April, and the 70,000 American and Filipino soldiers captured there were forced to undertake a death march in which at least 7,000 perished. Then, in May, Corregidor surrendered, and 15,000 more Americans and Filipinos were captured. The Philippines were lost, and the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff had no immediate plans for their liberation.After the U.S. victory at the Battle of Midway in June 1942, most Allied resources in the Pacific went to U.S. Admiral Chester Nimitz, who as commander of the Pacific Fleet planned a more direct route to Japan than via the Philippines. Undaunted, MacArthur launched a major offensive in New Guinea, winning a string of victories with his limited forces. By September 1944, he was poised to launch an invasion of the Philippines, but he needed the support of Nimitz's Pacific Fleet. After a period of indecision about whether to invade the Philippines or Formosa, the Joint Chiefs put their support behind MacArthur's plan, which logistically could be carried out sooner than a Formosa invasion.On October 20, 1944, a few hours after his troops landed, MacArthur waded ashore onto the Philippine island of Leyte. That day, he made a radio broadcast in which he declared, "People of the Philippines, I have returned!" In January 1945, his forces invaded the main Philippine island of Luzon. In February, Japanese forces at Bataan were cut off, and Corregidor was captured. Manila, the Philippine capital, fell in March, and in June MacArthur announced his offensive operations on Luzon to be at an end; although scattered Japanese resistance continued until the end of the war, in August. Only one-third of the men MacArthur left behind in March 1942 survived to see his return. "I'm a little late," he told them, "but we finally came." ------------------------------------------------------------------ MORE GENERAL INTEREST 1827 Battle of Navarino 1935 Mao's Long March concludes 1973 Sydney Opera House opens historychannel.com/tdih/tdih.jsp?category=general&month=10272962&day=10272985 AUTOMOTIVE 1965 End Of An Era At Volvo historychannel.com/tdih/tdih.jsp?category=automotive&month=10272962&day=10272985 CIVIL WAR 1819 Union General Daniel Sickles is born historychannel.com/tdih/tdih.jsp?category=civil&month=10272962&day=10272985 COLD WAR 1947 The Red Scare comes to Hollywood historychannel.com/tdih/tdih.jsp?category=coldwar&month=10272962&day=10272985 CRIME 1990 2 Live Crew members are acquitted of obscenity charges historychannel.com/tdih/tdih.jsp?category=crime&month=10272962&day=10272985 ENTERTAINMENT 1930 Sherlock Holmes debuts on radio historychannel.com/tdih/tdih.jsp?category=entertainment&month=10272962&day=10272985 LITERARY 1853 French poet Arthur Rimbaud is born historychannel.com/tdih/tdih.jsp?category=literary&month=10272962&day=10272985 OLD WEST 1803 U.S. Senate ratifies the Louisiana Purchase historychannel.com/tdih/tdih.jsp?category=oldwest&month=10272962&day=10272985 VIETNAM WAR 1973 Watergate special prosecutor dismissed historychannel.com/tdih/tdih.jsp?category=vietnamwar&month=10272962&day=10272985 WALL STREET 1995 U.N. Asks U.S. to Pay Up historychannel.com/tdih/tdih.jsp?category=wallstreet&month=10272962&day=10272985 WORLD WAR II 1944 U.S. forces land at Leyte Island in the Philippines historychannel.com/tdih/tdih.jsp?category=worldwarii&month=10272962&day=10272985